众星拱北，万水朝东：中共中央发布“五一口号”
1948年4月30日，中国(guo)共产(chan)党中央委员(yuan)会发布《“五(wu)一(yi)(yi)”劳动节口号(hao)》(简(jian)称“五(wu)一(yi)(yi)口号(hao)”)，号(hao)召召开新政(zheng)(zheng)协，讨论召集(ji)人民代表(biao)大会，成立民主联(lian)合政(zheng)(zheng)府，被誉为中国(guo)共产(chan)党的建国(guo)宣言书。
1948年4月，时(shi)任新(xin)华(hua)社(she)(she)社(she)(she)长的(de)廖(liao)承志率新(xin)华(hua)社(she)(she)驻(zhu)扎于(yu)河北省涉县(xian)西(xi)戎村。丰富的(de)斗(dou)争经验、高度的(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治敏感性以及新(xin)华(hua)社(she)(she)肩负的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)职责，使廖(liao)承志产生了在(zai)“五一”国际(ji)劳动(dong)节来临(lin)之前请示中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)的(de)想法。按惯例(li)，几乎每年“五一”国际(ji)劳动(dong)节，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)都会通过新(xin)闻宣传媒体发(fa)表宣言口号、刊发(fa)文章(zhang)社(she)(she)论，1948年的(de)“五一”节即将来临(lin)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)是否(fou)有新(xin)主张要(yao)在(zai)劳动(dong)节发(fa)表呢?廖(liao)承志随即给(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)发(fa)了一个十分(fen)简短(duan)的(de)请示电报。电报很快传到了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)工(gong)委所在(zai)地平山(shan)县(xian)西(xi)柏坡，负责机要(yao)工(gong)作的(de)罗青长立即把电报送给(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)书记(ji)处书记(ji)周恩来。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)认(ren)为确实(shi)有必要(yao)发(fa)布纪念(nian)“五一”的(de)口号，宣传党的(de)政(zheng)(zheng)策和政(zheng)(zheng)治主张。机缘(yuan)巧合!中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)立即着手起草“五一口号”。
中(zhong)共中(zhong)央特别是(shi)毛泽(ze)东，对(dui)“五一口号”的(de)(de)(de)起草(cao)十分重视。作为初(chu)(chu)稿(gao)(gao)执笔人的(de)(de)(de)胡(hu)乔木胡(hu)乔木。初(chu)(chu)稿(gao)(gao)很快起草(cao)完成，共25条，毛泽(ze)东亲自对(dui)初(chu)(chu)稿(gao)(gao)做了多处修(xiu)改(gai)(gai)，其中(zhong)最重要的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)将初(chu)(chu)稿(gao)(gao)第(di)五条“工(gong)人阶(jie)级是(shi)中(zhong)国(guo)人民革命的(de)(de)(de)领导者，解(jie)放区的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)人阶(jie)级是(shi)新中(zhong)国(guo)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)人翁，更加积极地行(xing)动(dong)起来，更早地实(shi)现(xian)中(zhong)国(guo)革命的(de)(de)(de)最后胜利”，修(xiu)改(gai)(gai)为“各(ge)民主(zhu)党派，各(ge)人民团(tuan)体(ti)，各(ge)社会贤(xian)达迅速召开政(zheng)治协商(shang)会议，讨论并(bing)实(shi)现(xian)召集人民代表大会，成立民主(zhu)联合(he)政(zheng)府!”
毛泽东修改的(de)第五(wu)条(tiao)，虽然(ran)包括标点符(fu)号(hao)仅(jin)仅(jin)51个字(zi)，但可(ke)谓字(zi)字(zi)千钧，勾画(hua)出“两步走”的(de)建国(guo)(guo)路线图，即第一步，邀请各民主(zhu)党派、各人民团体、各社会(hui)贤达的(de)代(dai)表(biao)在解放区召(zhao)开政治协(xie)商会(hui)议(yi)，商讨如何召(zhao)集人民代(dai)表(biao)大(da)会(hui);第二步在民主(zhu)协(xie)商的(de)基础(chu)上召(zhao)集人民代(dai)表(biao)大(da)会(hui)，选举(ju)产(chan)生民主(zhu)联合政府。“五(wu)一口号(hao)”将这一伟(wei)大(da)构(gou)想昭(zhao)告天(tian)下，在饱受战乱和独裁(cai)统(tong)治之苦(ku)的(de)中国(guo)(guo)大(da)地(di)如春(chun)天(tian)的(de)惊雷，足以振聋发聩(kui)。
4月30日深(shen)夜，毛(mao)泽东亲自审阅了“五(wu)一口号(hao)”清样后，经周恩来(lai)电(dian)(dian)话(hua)传给新华(hua)总(zong)社，以陕(shan)北新华(hua)社4月30日电(dian)(dian)正式(shi)对外(wai)发布，5月1日，与报纸(zhi)刊登的(de)同时，新华(hua)广播电(dian)(dian)台进行广播。一石激起(qi)千层(ceng)浪，“五(wu)一口号(hao)”在(zai)国内外(wai)引起(qi)强烈反响(xiang)，各民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)党(dang)派(pai)、人民(min)(min)(min)团体、无党(dang)派(pai)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)人士、海外(wai)华(hua)侨、民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)党(dang)派(pai)海外(wai)组(zu)织、基(ji)层(ceng)民(min)(min)(min)众(zhong)纷纷响(xiang)应。拥护中国共产党(dang)的(de)政治(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)张，希望(wang)早日召开政治(zhi)协商会议，尽快成立民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)联(lian)合政府，众(zhong)星拱北，万水朝东，天下(xia)归心。
“五一口(kou)(kou)号”全面阐述了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)共(gong)产(chan)(chan)党(dang)关(guan)于政治、军(jun)事、经济等方(fang)面的(de)重大方(fang)针、政策，代表了(le)(le)全国(guo)各族人民(min)的(de)共(gong)同心(xin)愿。其架构(gou)宏阔，内容博大精深(shen)(shen)，寓意深(shen)(shen)远，是中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)共(gong)产(chan)(chan)党(dang)建立(li)新(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)的(de)宣(xuan)言书、动员令、路(lu)线图(tu)。“五一口(kou)(kou)号”开辟了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)共(gong)产(chan)(chan)党(dang)人与民(min)主党(dang)派(pai)和无(wu)党(dang)派(pai)人士长期合作的(de)先河，成(cheng)为协商(shang)民(min)主制度探索中(zhong)(zhong)一个丰碑式的(de)标志。
