徐向前大衣送房东
徐向前(1901-1990),山西省五台(tai)县人(ren)。中国(guo)共(gong)产党的(de)优秀党员,久(jiu)经考(kao)验的(de)无产阶级革命(ming)家(jia)、军事家(jia),忠诚的(de)共(gong)产主义战士,中国(guo)人(ren)民解放军的(de)缔造者(zhe)之一(yi),中华人(ren)民共(gong)和(he)国(guo)元帅(shuai),党和(he)国(guo)家(jia)卓越的(de)领(ling)导(dao)人(ren)。
抗(kang)日战争全(quan)(quan)面爆(bao)发(fa)后,日军(jun)(jun)(jun)很快就(jiu)攻占(zhan)了北(bei)平、天(tian)津,然后沿(yan)津浦路(lu)(lu)南下,直逼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)东(dong)(dong)(dong)。国民(min)党(dang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)东(dong)(dong)(dong)省政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府主席兼(jian)第三路(lu)(lu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)总指(zhi)挥韩复榘(ju)率10万部(bu)(bu)队(dui),不(bu)战而逃(tao),拱(gong)手(shou)将山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)东(dong)(dong)(dong)让(rang)给日军(jun)(jun)(jun)。当(dang)时(shi)民(min)族危亡,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)河破碎,面对严(yan)峻的(de)形势(shi),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)东(dong)(dong)(dong)党(dang)组(zu)织发(fa)动了一(yi)(yi)(yi)系列的(de)武(wu)装起义(yi),组(zu)建(jian)了八(ba)路(lu)(lu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)游击(ji)队(dui),后经中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)批准,在(zai)沂水县王庄成(cheng)立八(ba)路(lu)(lu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)东(dong)(dong)(dong)纵(zong)(zong)队(dui)。中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)也(ye)派(pai)115师主力(li)、129师一(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)进入山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)东(dong)(dong)(dong)。八(ba)路(lu)(lu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)第115师入鲁后与山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)东(dong)(dong)(dong)纵(zong)(zong)队(dui)并肩作战,逐步巩固和扩大(da)了山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)东(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)抗(kang)日根据(ju)地(di)。当(dang)时(shi),共(gong)产(chan)党(dang)在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)东(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)抗(kang)日武(wu)装力(li)量急需加强(qiang)集中(zhong)(zhong)统(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)领导。为统(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)指(zhi)挥山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)东(dong)(dong)(dong)省和苏北(bei)地(di)区的(de)八(ba)路(lu)(lu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)部(bu)(bu)队(dui),八(ba)路(lu)(lu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)总部(bu)(bu)、中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)北(bei)方局向(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)建(jian)议(yi)派(pai)徐(xu)向(xiang)前(qian)、朱瑞去山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)东(dong)(dong)(dong),组(zu)建(jian)八(ba)路(lu)(lu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)纵(zong)(zong)队(dui)。1939年(nian)5月,中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)北(bei)方局发(fa)出组(zu)建(jian)八(ba)路(lu)(lu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)纵(zong)(zong)队(dui)的(de)通知(zhi),徐(xu)向(xiang)前(qian)任司(si)令员(yuan),朱瑞任政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治委员(yuan)。6月,徐(xu)向(xiang)前(qian)率一(yi)(yi)(yi)批党(dang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)干部(bu)(bu)到达沂蒙山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)区。8月,八(ba)路(lu)(lu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)纵(zong)(zong)队(dui)正式在(zai)沂蒙山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)区成(cheng)立。1940年(nian)6月,中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)来电要求徐(xu)向(xiang)前(qian)参加中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)第七(qi)次全(quan)(quan)国代表大(da)会(hui),徐(xu)向(xiang)前(qian)于是离开山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)东(dong)(dong)(dong),1940年(nian)底到达延安。
徐向前在山(shan)东期间(jian),第1纵队指挥第115师(shi)和(he)山(shan)东纵队,与(yu)山(shan)东军民一(yi)起挫败日伪军对山(shan)东抗日根(gen)据地(di)的“扫(sao)荡”,取得了一(yi)系列的胜利。仅(jin)1939年(nian)底到1940年(nian)上半年(nian)反(fan)扫(sao)荡战役中,就经大小战斗两千(qian)余次。
徐向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)前(qian)在沂(yi)蒙根据地(di)时(shi),作(zuo)(zuo)为(wei)军(jun)队的(de)高级指(zhi)挥员(yuan),艰(jian)苦朴素,廉洁奉公,生(sheng)活上从不搞特殊。衣服破了(le)(le)自(zi)己缝,草鞋坏了(le)(le)自(zi)己打。1940年(nian)春(chun)(chun)天青黄不接时(shi),徐向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)前(qian)常(chang)同(tong)战士们(men)一(yi)(yi)道(dao)(dao)到(dao)野外找树(shu)(shu)叶(ye)和野菜。遇(yu)到(dao)大(da)树(shu)(shu),徐向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)前(qian)还亲(qin)(qin)自(zi)爬到(dao)树(shu)(shu)上去(qu)摘树(shu)(shu)叶(ye),并(bing)(bing)和战士们(men)一(yi)(yi)起吃这种树(shu)(shu)叶(ye)。一(yi)(yi)开(kai)始,树(shu)(shu)叶(ye)吃进(jin)嘴里苦得(de)不行,徐向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)前(qian)就(jiu)(jiu)亲(qin)(qin)自(zi)到(dao)伙房(fang)告诉炊(chui)事员(yuan)把叶(ye)子(zi)先煮(zhu)一(yi)(yi)煮(zhu),然后(hou)用(yong)凉水泡,去(qu)掉苦味。他(ta)对同(tong)志温暖(nuan)如(ru)春(chun)(chun),对群(qun)众感情深厚。徐向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)前(qian)驻在沂(yi)南县孙祖(zu)时(shi),常(chang)常(chang)找房(fang)东(dong)(dong)(dong)拉家(jia)常(chang)。房(fang)东(dong)(dong)(dong)见(jian)(jian)徐向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)前(qian)是(shi)个(ge)大(da)个(ge)子(zi),腰里掖着(zhe)匣子(zi)枪,后(hou)面(mian)跟着(zhe)卫兵,知道(dao)(dao)是(shi)个(ge)大(da)官(guan),一(yi)(yi)时(shi)紧张得(de)站(zhan)也不是(shi),坐也不是(shi)。徐向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)前(qian)看透了(le)(le)房(fang)东(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)心思,便(bian)拉着(zhe)他(ta)的(de)手,亲(qin)(qin)切(qie)地(di)说(shuo)(shuo):“给你(ni)添麻(ma)烦了(le)(le)。”房(fang)东(dong)(dong)(dong)忙说(shuo)(shuo):“长(zhang)(zhang)官(guan),不碍(ai)事,不碍(ai)事。”徐向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)前(qian)一(yi)(yi)听称呼长(zhang)(zhang)官(guan),连忙摆手说(shuo)(shuo):“不能叫(jiao)长(zhang)(zhang)官(guan),我们(men)住(zhu)在一(yi)(yi)起,就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)家(jia)人了(le)(le),可不能说(shuo)(shuo)外话,以后(hou)就(jiu)(jiu)叫(jiao)我老徐吧。”徐向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)前(qian)见(jian)(jian)房(fang)东(dong)(dong)(dong)老人穿(chuan)得(de)单薄,便(bian)脱下自(zi)己的(de)大(da)衣送(song)给房(fang)东(dong)(dong)(dong)老人,并(bing)(bing)嘱咐(fu)说(shuo)(shuo):“你(ni)年(nian)纪大(da)了(le)(le),不经冻(dong),穿(chuan)着(zhe)它暖(nuan)暖(nuan)身子(zi)吧。”房(fang)东(dong)(dong)(dong)连忙说(shuo)(shuo):“这可不行,这可不行。”徐向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)前(qian)拉着(zhe)房(fang)东(dong)(dong)(dong)老人的(de)手,深情地(di)说(shuo)(shuo):“俺住(zhu)在你(ni)家(jia),你(ni)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)我的(de)父亲(qin)(qin),我就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)你(ni)的(de)儿(er)子(zi),一(yi)(yi)家(jia)人可不能见(jian)(jian)外呀(ya)。”1940年(nian)底,徐向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)前(qian)由山东(dong)(dong)(dong)回延安,给中(zhong)央(yang)带去(qu)50万元法币。时(shi)任(ren)后(hou)勤(qin)部长(zhang)(zhang)的(de)叶(ye)季壮提出(chu)给他(ta)留点作(zuo)(zuo)机动(dong)经费,徐向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)前(qian)断然谢(xie)绝,他(ta)说(shuo)(shuo):“现(xian)在中(zhong)央(yang)财政很(hen)困难,每(mei)一(yi)(yi)分钱都(dou)应用(yong)到(dao)抗战中(zhong)去(qu)。这笔(bi)钱是(shi)根据地(di)人民用(yong)血汗积(ji)累的(de),我当(dang)司(si)令员(yuan)的(de)只有上交(jiao)的(de)责任(ren),没有留下来支配的(de)权利。”
